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The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) was a new approach by Congress to federal Indian policy. ANCSA extinguished aboriginal land title in Alaska.The federal government also compensated the newly formed Alaska Native corporations a total of $962.5 million for land lost in the settlement agreement.
The fight over who owned the land in Alaska was finally settled after two hundred years.How has this one piece of legislation forever changed the state of Alaska? When President Nixon signed ANCSA into law, it finally settled who would own most of Alaska.
In 1971, the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act was signed into law by President Nixon. It abrogated Native claims to aboriginal lands except those that are the subject of the law. In return, Natives received up to 44 million acres (180,000 km2) of land and were paid $963 million.
Changes to Village Corporations under Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2016. Payments made from the sharing of natural resource revenue were paid directly to the ANC, and taxed at the corporate level.
Since the passage of ANCSA, various industries have been strengthened in Alaska, creating jobs in both the private and public sectors. By creating Alaska Native-owned, for-profit corporations, ANCSA also brought additional economic diversity to the state that has benefited, either directly or indirectly, all Alaskans.
Alaska Natives increasingly prefer to be known by the names they use in their own languages, such as Inupiaq or Yupik. "Inuit" is now the current term in Alaska and across the Arctic, and "Eskimo" is fading from use. The Inuit Circumpolar Council prefers the term "Inuit" but some other organizations use "Eskimo".
ANCSA extinguished all the Indian reservations in Alaska, with the exception of Metlakatla. Tribes that had their reservations extinguished had the option of keeping their former reservation land, both surface and subsurface ownership.
Natives were able to choose tens of thousands of acres of land rich with timber while Doyon used mineral analysis to attract businesses. The state of Alaska to date has been granted approximately 85% or 90 million acres (360,000 km2) of the land claims it has made under ANCSA.
Alaska Native people can be citizens of the United States, the State of Alaska, and also of one or more tribes. In other words, citizens of the three sovereigns in the United States: United States sovereign, State of Alaska sovereign, and Tribal sovereign.