Alaska Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement — Defense Of Justification, provides guidance to the jury on the concept of tying agreements and possible defenses related to them. This instruction is relevant in cases where parties are accused of engaging in anticompetitive behavior through tying agreements, which occurs when a seller conditions the purchase of a desired product or service on the buyer's agreement to purchase an additional product or service from the seller. The purpose of this jury instruction is to outline the elements required to establish a per se violation of tying agreements, as well as the available defense of justification that the accused party can invoke. It ensures that the jury understands the legal standards and principles that govern tying agreements and their per se violation. The Alaska Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement — Defense Of Justification includes the following elements: 1. Tying Agreement: The instruction explains the concept of a tying agreement, which involves the seller imposing a condition that the buyer must purchase a tied product or service along with the desired product or service. 2. Per Se Violation: It clarifies that tying agreements are presumed to be anticompetitive and violate antitrust laws by limiting consumer choice, restraining competition, and potentially leading to monopolistic practices. The jury is informed that the legality of such agreements does not depend on their actual effect on the market. 3. Defense of Justification: This instruction also includes the defense of justification, which allows the accused party to present evidence of legitimate business justifications for implementing the tying arrangement. The accused party must demonstrate that the arrangement is necessary for the functioning of a product or service, as well as economically or technically reasonable. Such justifications might include enhancing product compatibility or improving efficiency. Different types or variations of this Alaska Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement — Defense Of Justification may include— - Tying Agreements in the context of intellectual property: This variation explores tying agreements where intellectual property, such as patents or copyrights, are used as the tied product. — Tying Agreements within specific industries: This variation discusses tying agreements within industries such as software, telecommunications, or healthcare, which often involve complex product relationships and unique justifications. By providing clear instructions on per se violations of tying agreements and the defense of justification, the Alaska Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1 ensures that the jury can carefully consider the evidence and make an informed decision regarding the legality of the accused party's conduct.