Colorado Jury Instruction — 3.3.2 Section 1, Per Se Violation Tying Agreement — Defense Of Justification In legal proceedings, Colorado Jury Instruction 3.3.2 Section 1 addresses the concept of a per se violation tying agreement and the potential defense of justification in such cases. This instruction provides guidance to jurors on how to evaluate the evidence and arguments related to tying agreements, which are considered anti-competitive practices in business transactions. A tying agreement occurs when a party with market power conditions the sale or purchase of one product or service (the "tying product") on the additional purchase or sale of a different product or service (the "tied product"). Such agreements can restrict competition, harm consumers, and undermine market efficiency. Per se violation refers to a legal doctrine that categorizes certain types of agreements as inherently anti-competitive, meaning they are presumed to harm competition without requiring further analysis. In the context of tying agreements, if certain conditions are met, they may be deemed per se violations of competition laws. The defense of justification, also known as the defense of legitimate business justification, allows the accused party to present evidence and arguments to justify the tying agreement and explain why it is not anti-competitive. This defense seeks to demonstrate that the agreement serves legitimate business purposes and does not harm competition in the relevant market. It is important to note that this section of the jury instruction is just one part of the broader instruction on tying agreements. Depending on the specifics of the case and the evidence presented, there may be additional subsections or variations of this instruction that address different aspects or elements related to tying agreements, per se violations, and defense of justification. Overall, this instruction guides the jurors in understanding the legal framework surrounding tying agreements, determining if a per se violation is established, and considering whether the defense of justification renders the tying agreement legitimate in the context of the specific case.