Delaware Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights provides important legal protections for shareholders who dissent or oppose certain corporate actions or decisions taken by Delaware corporations. This provision is part of the Delaware General Corporation Law and ensures that shareholders have the ability to exercise their rights as owners and protect their interests. Under Delaware Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights, shareholders who dissent from a proposed corporate action have the right to seek appraisal or evaluation of their shares by the Court of Chancery. This means that if a shareholder disagrees with actions such as mergers, consolidations, sales of assets, or amendments to the corporation's certificate of incorporation, they can assert their right to have their shares valued independently. There are different types of dissenters' rights under Delaware Article 13. These include appraisal rights, which allow dissenting shareholders to receive fair value for their shares, and evaluation rights, which enable shareholders to determine the fair value of their shares when exercising dissenters' rights. The main purpose of Delaware Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights is to protect shareholders from being forced to accept an unfair price for their shares in cases where they dissent from major corporate actions. It ensures that dissenting shareholders have the opportunity to receive fair compensation for their shares, reflecting the true value of their ownership interest in the corporation. Through the exercise of dissenters' rights, shareholders can challenge corporate actions that they believe may harm their investments or undermine their ownership rights. This provision encourages transparency, fairness, and accountability within Delaware corporations, as it restricts the ability of majority shareholders or management to disregard the interests of dissenting shareholders. In summary, Delaware Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights provides a vital legal mechanism for shareholders to protect their rights and seek fair value for their shares when dissenting from significant corporate actions. It encompasses both appraisal and evaluation rights, offering shareholders the opportunity to challenge actions they oppose and ensure their investment is treated fairly. By upholding the principle of shareholder protection, this provision strengthens corporate governance and fosters an environment conducive to responsible and ethical decision-making in Delaware corporations.