Iowa Meningococcal Disease (Meningitis) is an acute infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord caused by the bacterium Nasser meningitis. It is spread through contact with respiratory and throat secretions, such as coughing, sneezing, kissing, and sharing eating utensils. Symptoms of Meningitis include a sudden onset of fever, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In some cases, a rash may also appear. Without treatment, Meningitis can lead to severe complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and even death. The Iowa Department of Public Health (DPH) categorizes Meningitis into two types: Viral Meningitis and Bacterial Meningitis. Viral Meningitis is more common and usually milder and less serious than Bacterial Meningitis. Bacterial Meningitis is more severe and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and correctly. The DPH recommends that all adults and children over the age of 11 receive the Meningococcal vaccine to help protect against Meningitis.
Iowa Meningococcal Disease (Meningitis)
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College students are at slightly higher risk than other teens and young adults who are not attending colleges. Military recruits are at higher risk likely due to a combination of age and living in a crowded setting (i.e., military barracks).
Bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis cause meningococcal disease. About 1 in 10 people have these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without being ill. This is called being 'a carrier.
Between 1997 and 2003, there was an average of 34 meningococcal disease deaths per year, compared with an average of 12 per year between 2004 and 2016. In children aged under 5, the average number of deaths per year decreased from 10 per year between 1997 and 2003, to 4 per year between 2004 and 2016.
Statistics. In 2021, there was one case of meningococcal invasive disease reported in Iowa.
In 2019, there were about 375 total cases of meningococcal disease reported (incidence rate of 0.11 cases per 100,000 persons). Anyone can get meningococcal disease, but rates of disease are highest in children younger than 1 year old, with a second peak in adolescence.
Twelve cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) type Y have been reported since June 2022; the outbreak was declared in September 2022.
Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide, with the highest incidence of disease found in the 'meningitis belt' of sub-Saharan Africa. In this region, major epidemics occur every 5 to 12 years with attack rates reaching 1,000 cases per 100,000 population.
Having meningitis doesn't always mean you have meningococcal disease. And having meningococcal disease doesn't necessarily mean you have meningitis. Meningococcal disease is any illness caused by a type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis.