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Punitive damages are awarded when the defendant's conduct is determined to have been so "willful, malicious, or fraudulent" that it exceeds the legal criteria for mere or gross negligence. Punitive damages typically involve awards over and above the compensatory damage award.
Under Iowa law, to support claim for punitive damages, plaintiff must show that defendant's conduct was willful and wanton, that is, constituted actual or legal malice. Pulla v. Amoco Oil Co., S.D. Iowa1994, 882 F.
Although there is no maximum sum, punitive damages typically do not exceed four times the amount of compensatory damages. For example, if a plaintiff recovers $100,000 in compensatory damages and is awarded punitive damages, they most likely will receive up to $400,000 in punitive damages.
Chapter 668A of the Iowa Code allows punitive damages (also known as exemplary damages) to be awarded in some personal injury cases in Iowa.
Generally the courts have held that the acts of a defendant for which the plaintiff is awarded punitive or exemplary damages must be characterized by being wanton, wilful, reckless, or malicious.
The right to a punitive damages award in California is strictly statutory. Civil Code section 3294 provides that a plaintiff can obtain punitive damages when it is proven by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud or malice.
In considering the amount of any punitive damages, consider the degree of reprehensibility of the defendant's conduct [, including whether the conduct that harmed the plaintiff was particularly reprehensible because it also caused actual harm or posed a substantial risk of harm to people who are not parties to this ...
Punitive damages and their purpose Civil Code section 3294 provides that a plaintiff can obtain punitive damages when it is proven by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud or malice.