Idaho Jury Instruction — 4.4.3 Rule 10(b— - 5(c) Fraudulent Practice or Course of Dealing Stockbroker Churning — Violation of Blue Sky Law and Breach of Fiduciary Duty This Idaho jury instruction, Rule 10(b) — 5(c), addresses the fraudulent practice or course of dealing called stockbroker churning. Stockbroker churning involves excessive trading within a client's account by a stockbroker. It is considered a violation of the Blue Sky Law, which regulates the sale of securities to protect investors from fraudulent practices. Here are the key elements covered under this instruction: 1. Fraudulent Practice or Course of Dealing: This instruction focuses on the stockbroker's actions of excessive trading within the client's account, demonstrating a pattern of churning with an intent to defraud the client. The broker may engage in churning to generate commissions, disregarding the client's best interests. 2. Violation of Blue Sky Law: Blue Sky Laws aim to prevent fraudulent practices in the sale of securities. Churning violates these laws as it goes against the fundamental principles of fair dealing and honest practices within the securities' industry. 3. Breach of Fiduciary Duty: Stockbrokers owe a fiduciary duty to their clients, which includes acting in the client's best interests and avoiding any conflicts of interest. Churning represents a breach of this duty, where the broker puts their own interests (e.g., generating commissions) above the client's financial goals and objectives. Subtypes or variations of this Idaho jury instruction may include: a. Aggravated Churning: This variation may be invoked when the excessive trading within the client's account reaches extreme levels, demonstrating a higher degree of fraudulent behavior. In aggravated churning, the stockbroker's intent to defraud is even more evident, possibly resulting in severe financial losses for the client. b. Unsuitable Investment Recommendations: Although not directly part of this instruction, unsuitable investment recommendations can be linked to stockbroker churning. If the broker recommends investments that are unsuitable for the client's financial goals or risk tolerance, which ultimately leads to excessive trading, it may strengthen the claim of churning and violation of fiduciary duty. It is important to consult legal resources and qualified professionals to ensure accurate interpretation and application of this instruction in legal proceedings related to fraudulent practices, blue sky violations, and breaches of fiduciary duty within the stockbroker-client relationship.