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Gifts to Beneficiary You control the amount and timing of these gifts through the terms of the trust. The trust can limit annual gifts to a younger beneficiary, for example, or to a beneficiary who may be careless with money.
A Section 2503(c) trust allows all the principal and income to be used for the child until he reaches the age of 21, unlike the 2503(b) trust that extends beyond age 21 and requires income to be paid to the child annually. The trustee can pay the child's college expenses from the 2503(c) trust.
A gift in trust is a way to avoid taxes on gifts that exceed the annual gift tax exclusion amount. One type of gift in trust is a Crummey trust, which allows gifts to be given for a specific period, establishing the gifts as a present interest and eligible for the gift tax exclusion.
The trust allows the trustee to gift from the trust to the current beneficiary's issue up to the annual gift exclusion (currently $15K).
Gifts in trust do not qualify for the annual exclusion unless the trust either qualifies as a Minor's Trust under Internal Revenue Code Section 2503(c) or has certain temporary withdrawal powers called Crummey powers.
The IRS does not levy gift taxes on trusts, nor does it consider payments from the trust to a beneficiary as a gift (it may be taxable income to the beneficiary, however).
Section 2503(b) is also known as a Qualifying Minor's Trust or Mandatory Income Trust. This is an irrevocable trust which requires distribution of income on an annual basis. Most often, distributed funds are placed into a custodial bank account until the child reaches legal age.
Gifts in trust do not qualify for the annual exclusion unless the trust either qualifies as a Minor's Trust under Internal Revenue Code Section 2503(c) or has certain temporary withdrawal powers called Crummey powers.
The key difference between a 2503(c) trust and a 2503(b) trust is the distribution requirement. Parents who are concerned about providing a child or other beneficiary with access to trust funds at age 21 might be better off with a 2503(b), since there is no requirement for access at age 21.