Illinois Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights provides protection and compensation to shareholders who dissent from a corporate action and choose to exercise their right to demand fair payment for their shares. This article aims to safeguard the interests of minority shareholders and ensure they are fairly treated in corporate transactions. The following keywords are relevant for understanding Illinois Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights: 1. Shareholders: Illinois Article 13 primarily focuses on protecting the rights of shareholders within corporate transactions, acknowledging their ownership in the company. 2. Dissent: The article recognizes and respects the dissenting shareholders who disagree with a proposed corporate action. 3. Corporate Action: Refers to various actions such as mergers, consolidations, conversions, or amendments to the articles of incorporation that require shareholder approval. 4. Compensation: Dissenting shareholders have the right to demand fair compensation for their shares, ensuring they are not financially disadvantaged by the corporate action. 5. Fair Value: The article defines fair value as the worth of the shares immediately before the corporate action was proposed. 6. Appraisal Rights: Dissenting shareholders can exercise their appraisal rights by demanding an independent valuation of their shares to determine fair value. 7. Rights of Dissenters: Illinois Article 13 lays out specific rights for dissenting shareholders, protecting them from unfavorable outcomes and ensuring they receive appropriate compensation. 8. Procedures: The article provides a detailed procedure for shareholders to dissent and exercise their rights, including deadlines, documentation, and filing requirements. In addition to the keywords mentioned above, Illinois Article 13 encompasses various types of corporate actions where dissenters' rights are protected. Some common examples include: 1. Dissenters' Rights in Mergers: Shareholders have the right to dissent if a merger is proposed, giving them the option to demand fair value for their shares in the merged company. 2. Dissenters' Rights in Consolidations: Similar to mergers, shareholders can dissent from consolidation proposals and exercise their rights to fair compensation. 3. Dissenters' Rights in Conversions: When a corporation converts from one corporate form to another, dissenting shareholders can exercise their rights to ensure a fair valuation of their shares. 4. Dissenters' Rights in Amendments: Shareholders can also dissent from proposed amendments to the articles of incorporation and have their shares independently appraised to determine fair value. Overall, Illinois Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights serves as a vital protection mechanism for shareholders in Illinois, allowing them to safeguard their investments and receive fair compensation when dissenting from significant corporate actions.