Kansas Jury Instruction — 1.2.3: Sex Discrimination Quid Pro Quo Violation is a legal guideline provided to jurors in the state of Kansas regarding cases involving allegations of quid pro quo sex discrimination. This instruction focuses on situations where an employer or supervisor requests sexual favors from an employee in exchange for job benefits, promotions, or other employment-related opportunities. Quid pro quo, a Latin term meaning "something for something," is used to describe instances where an individual in a position of power or authority conditions or threatens an employee's job benefits or career advancement on the employee's submission to unwelcome sexual advances or activity. In such cases, the victim often faces a coercive choice between submitting to the demands and risking negative employment consequences or refusing and suffering unfavorable treatment in the workplace. The Kansas Jury Instruction — 1.2.3 specifically addresses the violation of sex discrimination laws through quid pro quo harassment. It outlines that employers or supervisors can be held liable for such behavior if it can be proven that: 1. The employment action, such as hiring, promotion, or other benefits, was conditioned upon the employee's acceptance of unwelcome sexual advances or conduct. 2. The employee suffered some adverse employment consequence or harm due to their refusal or acceptance of the sexual advances. 3. The employer or supervisor knew or should have known about the harassment and failed to take appropriate measures to address and rectify the situation. Different types or variations of quid pro quo violations may be present in cases involving sex discrimination. Some examples include: 1. Explicit Quid Pro Quo: This involves situations where an employer or supervisor explicitly states that an employee must engage in sexual activity or provide sexual favors in return for job-related benefits or to prevent negative consequences. This could include verbal threats, demands, or promises explicitly tied to sexual conduct. 2. Implicit Quid Pro Quo: In some cases, the quid pro quo nature of the sexual demands may be implied, rather than explicitly stated. This can involve situations where the employer or supervisor creates a hostile work environment through unwelcome sexual advances, comments, or conduct, thereby creating an expectation or perception that acquiescing to these advances is necessary for favorable treatment or career advancement. It is important for jurors to understand the nuances and different manifestations of quid pro quo sex discrimination to ensure a fair and just verdict. The Kansas Jury Instruction — 1.2.3 helps guide jurors in comprehending the legal elements necessary to establish a violation of sex discrimination laws through quid pro quo harassment, thereby ensuring that victims of such unlawful behavior receive the justice they deserve.