Maine Jury Instruction 1.2.3 Sex Discrimination Quid Pro Quo Violation is a legal instruction provided to jurors in Maine courts when evaluating cases involving allegations of sex discrimination based on quid pro quo violations. Quid pro quo refers to situations where employment benefits, promotions, or favorable treatment are explicitly or implicitly conditioned upon the submission to or rejection of unwelcome sexual advances or other conduct of a sexual nature. This jury instruction encompasses various scenarios of quid pro quo violations related to sex discrimination. Some possible types of violations addressed by this instruction may include: 1. Explicit Demands: This type of violation occurs when a person in a position of power explicitly states that specific acts of a sexual nature are required for employment benefits, job security, promotions, or other desirable outcomes. Such behavior creates a hostile work environment and is considered to be a clear violation of sex discrimination laws. 2. Implicit Coercion: In some cases, quid pro quo violations may be implied rather than explicitly stated. This type of violation occurs when a supervisor or individual with authority uses signals, gestures, or hints to suggest that compliance with sexual advances or favors is expected in exchange for favorable treatment at work. Even without explicit statements, this behavior can still be classified as unlawful sex discrimination. 3. Retaliatory Actions: Quid pro quo violations may also involve retaliation against an employee who refuses to engage in or report unwelcome advances or harassment. In these instances, an individual in a position of power may demote, reassign, or otherwise harm the victim's employment or professional prospects in retaliation for their refusal to comply. It is crucial for jurors to carefully evaluate the evidence presented during a trial to determine if any of these types of quid pro quo violations occurred. Jurors must consider the testimonies of the parties involved, any relevant documentation, witness accounts, and the overall workplace atmosphere. By assessing the evidence objectively and following the jury instructions, jurors play a critical role in upholding justice and fairness in sex discrimination cases.