Maine Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction: An In-depth Explanation The Maine Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction is a legal guideline that plays a crucial role in criminal law cases within the state of Maine. This instruction is derived from the Pinkerton doctrine, which holds individuals accountable for the foreseeable criminal acts committed by their co-conspirators. The Pinkerton Instruction helps the jury understand the liability attributed to a defendant for acts committed by others in furtherance of the conspiracy. The Pinkerton Instruction, based on the landmark United States Supreme Court case United States v. Pinkerton, is designed to address situations where multiple individuals are involved in a criminal conspiracy or joint venture. It recognizes the principle that each participant in the conspiracy is responsible for any crime committed by their co-conspirators, as long as those crimes were foreseeable and within the scope of the conspiracy. Under the Pinkerton Instruction, if the jury finds a defendant guilty of conspiracy, they can also be held responsible for any reasonably foreseeable offenses committed by their co-conspirators during the course of the conspiracy. This includes crimes that were planned or executed by others involved in the conspiracy, even if the defendant did not personally participate in those specific acts. There are different types of Pinkerton Instructions used in Maine, depending on the specific circumstances of the case. Some of these variations include: 1. Standard Pinkerton Instruction: This instruction is used when the defendant is charged with both conspiracy and the substantive offense. It informs the jury that if they find the defendant guilty of conspiracy, they must also determine if the substantive offense was reasonably foreseeable and within the scope of the conspiracy. 2. Pinkerton Instruction for Unplanned Offenses: In cases where the co-conspirator commits an unplanned offense, this instruction is used to guide the jury. It emphasizes that the defendant can still be held liable if the crime committed was a natural and probable consequence of the conspiracy, even if it was not part of the initial plan. 3. Pinkerton Instruction for Withdrawn Conspirator: When a defendant has withdrawn from the conspiracy, a specific Pinkerton Instruction is given. It explains that the defendant can only be held responsible for crimes committed by co-conspirators after their withdrawal if the subsequent offenses were foreseeable and within the scope of the original conspiracy. By implementing different variations of Pinkerton Instructions, Maine's legal system ensures a fair and comprehensive evaluation of defendants' liability in conspiracy cases. These instructions guide the jury in determining the extent of accountability for a defendant and safeguard the fairness and integrity of the criminal justice system.
Maine Jury Instruction - Pinkerton Instruction
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Jury instructions are given to the jury by the judge, who usually reads them aloud to the jury. The judge issues a judge's charge to inform the jury how to act in deciding a case. The jury instructions provide something of a flowchart on what verdict jurors should deliver based on what they determine to be true.
The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence.
The judge instructs the jury that if they believe King and Steve took part in the crime, they must return a verdict of guilty of felony murder. The judge's words are repeated as the camera fades back to Steve's cell. King is in the cell with him.
Thus, preliminary instructions should cover the statutory requirements, set forth the basic and important legal principles that a jury needs to know, attempt to explain to jurors things they will see and hear during a trial that might otherwise puzzle them, and try to assure jurors that rulings on objections and the ...
Jury instructions are instructions for jury deliberation that are written by the judge and given to the jury. At trial, jury deliberation occurs after evidence is presented and closing arguments are made.
It is not required that the government prove guilt beyond all possible doubt. A reasonable doubt is a doubt based upon reason and common sense and is not based purely on speculation. It may arise from a careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence, or from lack of evidence.
PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS WHICH PROVIDE A BODY OF BRIEF, UNIFORM INSTRUCTIONS THAT FULLY STATE THE LAW WITHOUT NEEDLESS REPETION ARE PRESENTED; BASIC, SPECIAL, OFFENSE, AND TRIAL INSTRUCTIONS ARE INCLUDED.