The JOA is a contract where two or more parties agree to undertake a common task to explore and exploit an area for hydrocarbons. The parties to the agreement can be broadly classified as operators and non-operators. The operator is the one who is responsible for the day-to-day management and operation of the field.
An operating agreement is a key document used by LLCs because it outlines the business' financial and functional decisions including rules, regulations and provisions. The purpose of the document is to govern the internal operations of the business in a way that suits the specific needs of the business owners.
A JOA is a way for co-venturers to apportion liability in ance with their agreed participating interest. Under a JOA, the parties: Appoint an operator to manage operations and dealings with the host state and other third parties on behalf of the consortium.
The operator is the one who is responsible for the day-to-day management and operation of the field. It is usually a single party with the highest interest in the agreement. But it is not uncommon to have a designated operator who is a minority to the agreement.
An operating agreement (bylaws) is an internal document that defines how the business owners professionally relate to one another. The articles of incorporation (certificate of formation) is a public document that legally establishes a business as a corporation.
In the health care industry, hospitals may form a JOA to provide a stronger financial structure. The JOA, also known in this industry as a virtual merger, allows the hospitals to retain separate boards of directors but turns over management to a separate company.
Most often, operating agreements provide that each owner's distributive share corresponds to his or her percentage of ownership in the LLC. For example, because Tony owns only 35% of his LLC, he receives just 35% of its profits and losses.