Missouri Complaint to Quiet Title by Adverse Possessor with Unknown Defendants

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A quiet title action is a civil lawsuit brought for the purpose of determining conflicting claims to real property. The action affects only those properties identified in the complaint. The action can target specific individuals who have or may claim an interest in the property (sometimes referred to as a quasi in rem proceeding); and it can sometimes be expanded to include all persons, known and unknown, who might have some interest in the property (an in rem action). A quiet title action, when properly conducted in accordance with statutory and constitu¬tional requirements, can resolve all claims and conflicts regarding the property in a single proceeding.


Most quiet title actions are based on adverse posses¬sion, in which the plaintiff alleges that he and his predecessors-in-interest have openly and notoriously claimed the property over a period of years and have paid the property taxes. Title to land can be acquired by holding it adversely to the true owner for a certain period of time. In this case, the person in possession gains title by adverse possession. The person in possession automatically becomes the owner of the property even though the person had no lawful claim to the land. In order to acquire title in this manner, possession must be actual, visible, exclusive, and continuous for a period of time. In Mississippi, the period of time is ten years. State statutes vary with regard to this period of time.


In addition to identifying adverse claimants, the plaintiff must undertake a diligent effort to give them notice of the action so that they can defend themselves. Since courts do not favor forfeitures of property interests, the plaintiff must satisfy both statutory and constitutional requirements for notice and due process. The best form of notice is personal service on the defendant(s). If a defendant cannot be served personally, states have enacted laws outlining the minimum procedures to be followed for constructive service of process on unknown or claimants that cannot be located. These minimum procedures may require mailing notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the last known address of a claimant; giving notice to the secretary of state for a defunct corporation; posting notice on the land; and publishing notice of the complaint in a local newspaper.

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FAQ

A quiet title action is a special legal proceeding to determine ownership of real property. A party with a claim of ownership to land can file an action to quiet title, which serves as a sort of lawsuit against anyone and everyone else who has a claim to the land.

As an example of a quiet title, there could be a Contractor whose primary job is flipping a house, meaning that Contractor A purchases a home for a low price, makes necessary home improvements, and then turns around and sells the home for a profit.

Adverse possession is one possible theory of ownership that might be asserted within a quiet title action. Adverse possession is one of the only ways to obtain ownership of property other than deed or inheritance.

The elements of a claim to Quiet Title are that 1) the party bringing the action possesses true title to the property, and 2) the title must be superior to other claimants.

Proof Requirements A plaintiff seeking to quiet title against a person with legal title to property has the burden of proving title by clear and convincing proof, rather than by the prepon- derance of evidence usually used in civil cases.

Uncertain property boundaries between neighbors, boundary disputes, unclear ownership of inherited property, and claims of adverse possession are some of the common reasons for filing quiet title actions in California.

Why would a property owner file a quiet title suit? A buyer has signed a contract to purchase a property but is uncertain of the condition of the title.

The burden of proof extends to all of the necessary elements of such possession and includes the obligation to show that it was actual, open, continuous, and under a claim of right or title.? Holmes v. Johnson, 324 Mass. 450, 453, and cases cited. If any of these elements is left in doubt, the claimant cannot prevail.

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Missouri Complaint to Quiet Title by Adverse Possessor with Unknown Defendants