Mississippi Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement, also known as the Mississippi CC&R Unit Agreement, is a legal contract designed to facilitate the process of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, storage, and subsequent enhanced oil recovery (FOR) operations in the state of Mississippi, United States. This agreement serves as a framework for collaboration between various stakeholders involved in the planning, development, and operation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase oil production. The Mississippi CC&R Unit Agreement outlines the terms and conditions under which a dedicated storage reservoir is established for the purpose of injecting CO2 captured from industrial sources, such as power plants or industrial facilities, into deep underground formations. By storing this CO2 underground, the agreement aims to prevent its release into the atmosphere and mitigate climate change impacts. Simultaneously, the stored CO2 helps to enhance oil recovery in nearby oil fields by displacing residual oil and increasing overall production. There are a few different types of Mississippi CC&R Unit Agreements, which can vary based on project-specific factors such as location, scale, and participating partners. These variations include: 1. CO2 Source Agreement: This agreement focuses on establishing partnerships between CO2 source providers (e.g., power plants, refineries, industrial facilities) and CCS project developers. It outlines the responsibilities and obligations of both parties regarding the capture, transportation, and injection of CO2 from the source site to the storage reservoir. 2. Storage and Monitoring Agreement: This agreement mainly addresses the responsibilities of various stakeholders involved in the development and operation of the CO2 storage reservoir. It outlines the mechanisms for monitoring and verifying the safe and secure storage of CO2, ensuring minimal risks to human health and the environment. 3. Enhanced Oil Recovery Agreement: This agreement is specific to the collaborative efforts between CO2 storage operators and oil producers focused on maximizing oil recovery from depleted oil fields using CO2 injection. It outlines the technical and financial arrangements, including cost sharing and revenue sharing mechanisms, to ensure fair and equitable benefits for all involved parties. 4. Research and Development Agreement: This type of agreement is designed to promote innovation and advancement in CCS technologies and practices. It brings together research institutions, industry leaders, and government bodies to collectively work on improving CO2 capture, storage, and utilization techniques. In summary, the Mississippi Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement acts as a vital legal framework for the planning, development, and operation of CCS projects in Mississippi. With various types of agreements catering to different aspects of the CCS value chain, these agreements enable effective collaboration among stakeholders, promote sustainable and efficient CO2 storage practices, and facilitate the dual benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction and enhanced oil recovery.
Mississippi Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement
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Note: The Mississippi Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Act was enacted by the Legislature in 2011 to allow the construction of a carbon dioxide pipeline. The pipeline was originally intended to use carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery, e.g., fracking.
Alaska has important competitive advantages for the development of a CCUS industry. The State owns the pore space used for storage under State lands, which allows leasing of large contiguous storage sites.
Pore space ownership in the United States varies from state to state and can be owned by the State, by the U.S. government or private individuals. In other countries, subsurface rights are controlled entirely by the government.
The surface owner owns the geologic pore space and has storage rights.
The prevailing rule, often referred to as the American Rule, holds that the pore space is owned by the surface owner, rather than the mineral owner1. The overwhelming majority of jurisdictions follow the American Rule, including the states of Louisiana2, Oklahoma3, and New Mexico4.
These pipelines are part of an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ethanol production plants by capturing and storing carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere.
The lease agreement provides Denbury with the exclusive right to develop and operate approximately 16,000 acres of subsurface pore space owned by Weyerhaeuser in Simpson and Copiah Counties in Mississippi.