North Carolina Naturally Occurring Radium, Thorium, Or Other Materials

State:
Multi-State
Control #:
US-OG-500
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Word; 
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Description

The Naturally Occurring Radium, Thorium, Or Other Materials (“Norm”) form, the assignee has inspected the assets for the purpose of detecting the presence or concentration of naturally occurring radium, thorium, and other such materials (“NORM”) and satisfied itself as to their physical and environmental condition, both surface and subsurface, and Assignee accepts all of the same.

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FAQ

Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) is found in the environment and contains radioactive elements of natural origin. NORM primarily contains uranium, thorium and in some cases potassium. Even though uranium and thorium occur naturally, by statute and rule they are defined as source material.

Natural background radiation contributes about 81% of the annual dose to the population and man-made background radiation contributes the remaining 19%. Natural and man-made radiations do not differ in kind or effect. Man-made radiation is generated in range of medical, commercial and industrial activities.

In the natural environment, radium occurs at trace levels in virtually all rock, soil, water, plants and animals. In areas where radium concentrations in rocks and soils are higher, the groundwater also typically has relatively higher radium content. Milling of uranium concentrates radium in the tailings.

Naturally occurring radioactive minerals in the ground, soil, and water produce background radiation. The human body even contains some of these naturally-occurring radioactive minerals. Cosmic radiation from space also contributes to the background radiation around us.

Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon are examples of NORM. These elements have always been present in the Earth's crust and atmosphere, and are concentrated in some places, such as uranium orebodies which may be mined.

Polonium. Because it is a naturally-occurring element that releases a huge amount of energy, many sources cite polonium as the most radioactive element. Polonium is so radioactive it glows blue, which is caused by excitation of the gas particles by radiation.

For example, uranium and thorium are two radioactive elements found naturally in the Earth's crust. Over billions of years, these two elements slowly change form and produce decay products such as radium and radon. During this process, energy is released. One form of this energy is alpha radiation.

Thorium has coloring properties that have made it useful in ceramic glazes. Thorium also has been widely used in lantern mantles for the brightness it imparts (though alternatives are replacing it), and in welding rods, which burn better with small amounts of added thorium.

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North Carolina Naturally Occurring Radium, Thorium, Or Other Materials