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While courts give an expansive reading to Rule 408, they generally find settlement agreements discoverable and admit them and certain settlement communications into evidence in a variety of unexpected situations.
Some negotiations are more sensitive than others, so all parties should be clear at the outset about information that should be kept confidential. A confidentiality agreement (sometimes known as a non-disclosure agreement) should be signed before giving away any business sensitive information.
When the purpose of communication is to achieve a settlement, it is generally considered privileged, promoting open dialogue. However, the case of Progressive Holdings Inc v. Crown Life Insurance Co., provides two exceptions to this rule. First, once an agreement is reached, there is no need for privilege to continue.
Rule 408's language refers to ?a disputed claim? and twice to ?the claim?: the rule is tied to a particular claim?what courts have referred to as the ?same claim.? That is, settlement communications regarding Claim A are inadmissible to prove or disprove the validity or amount only of that same Claim A.
Federal Rule of Evidence 408 provides security for parties by prohibiting settlement offers, or other statements made during settlement negotiations, from being admitted as evidence to prove the validity or amount of a claim in dispute.
Confidentiality clauses in settlement agreements are the rule these days. Defendants want to avoid the bad publicity and do not want the reputation of being a soft target for marginal claims. Defendants typically have leverage to force plaintiffs into confidential settlements.
Confidentiality protection in settlement negotiations comes from Evidence Code Section 1152. Section 1152 states that evidence of a compromise or offer of compromise is inadmissible to prove liability for loss or damage. The protections of Section 1152 extend to conduct and statements made in negotiation of an offer.
In a non-felony case, if the defendant pleads guilty without appearing in court, a written form must be used advising the defendant of his or her constitutional rights and creating a record showing that the plea was made voluntarily, knowingly, and understandingly.