North Dakota Jury Instruction — 1.9.4.2 Joint Employers is a legal instruction used in the state of North Dakota to guide juries in cases involving the concept of joint employers. In employment law, joint employment refers to a situation where two or more entities are deemed to have a shared relationship with an employee, making them jointly responsible for certain aspects of that employee's working conditions and legal rights. This particular instruction, numbered as 1.9.4.2, focuses specifically on joint employer relationships in North Dakota. It helps juries understand the complexities associated with such arrangements and ensures they can properly evaluate the liability of the involved parties. Here is a detailed description of the instruction and its key elements: 1. Definition and Requirements: The instruction begins by providing a clear definition of joint employers. It outlines the necessary conditions that must be met for two or more entities to be considered joint employers. Keywords related to this section would include "definition of joint employers" and "requirements for joint employer relationship." 2. Control and Supervision: The instruction emphasizes the importance of control and supervision in determining joint employer status. It explains that both entities must exercise significant control over the same employee or group of employees. Key phrases in this section could include "control and supervision criteria" and "determining significant control." 3. Economic Realities Test: The economic realities test is an essential factor in determining joint employer relationships. The instruction describes this test as a method to assess the economic dependence of the employee on each alleged employer. Keywords for this section could include "economic realities test" and "employee's economic dependence." 4. Factors to Consider: To assist juries in evaluating whether a joint employment relationship exists, specific factors are provided. The instruction lists factors that demonstrate the level of control each entity has over the employee, including the power to hire, fire, and set terms and conditions of employment. Relevant keywords might include "factors to consider" and "level of control." 5. Jury's Evaluation: Finally, the instruction reminds the jury of its responsibility in determining whether joint employment exists based on the presented evidence and the instructions provided. It emphasizes that juries must apply the law as instructed and make their decision impartially. It is important to note that there might not be multiple types of North Dakota Jury Instruction 1.9.4.2 Joint Employers. However, there may be different subcategories or variations that can be incorporated into this instruction depending on the specific circumstances of the case.