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GRATs are taxed in two ways: Any income you earn from the appreciation of your assets in the trust is subject to regular income tax, and any remaining funds/assets that transfer to a beneficiary are subject to gift taxes.
In a GRAT, you receive a fixed amount from year to year (an annuity). In a GRUT, by contrast, you receive an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the trust assets (a unitrust).
The annuity amount is paid to the grantor during the term of the GRAT, and any property remaining in the trust at the end of the GRAT term passes to the beneficiaries with no further gift tax consequences.
Pros. There are a number of benefits to setting up a GRAT. For one, the annuities can provide a steady stream of income for those who may need it in retirement. However, the main benefit of establishing a GRAT is the potential to transfer large amounts of money to a beneficiary while paying little-to-no gift tax.
If the income you receive is a set dollar amount and does not fluctuate each year, the trust is a GRAT (grantor retained annuity trust). If the income is a percentage of the trust assets and the amount of income you receive fluctuates each year, the trust is a GRUT (grantor retained unitrust).
Grantor retained annuity trusts (GRAT) are estate planning instruments in which a grantor locks assets in a trust from which they earn annual income. Upon expiry, the beneficiary receives the assets with minimal or no gift tax liability. GRATS are used by wealthy individuals to minimize tax liabilities.
Tax Implications of the GRAT During the term of the GRAT, the Donor will be taxed on all of the income and capital gains earned by the trust, without regard to the amount of the annuity paid to the Donor.
GRATs are irrevocable trusts that last for a specific period of time of at least two years. The term you choose depends on your goals and expectations for asset growth potential, but we typically recommend a term between two and five years.
But assets in an irrevocable trust generally don't get a step up in basis. Instead, the grantor's taxable gains are passed on to heirs when the assets are sold. Revocable trusts, like assets held outside a trust, do get a step up in basis so that any gains are based on the asset's value when the grantor dies.
Grantor-Retained Unitrust (GRUT) is a form of Grantor-Retained Trust set up by individuals to reduce taxes on an estate. To create a GRUT, a grantor creates an irrevocable trust that is for a limited period of time, paying taxes at the outset of the trust.