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Removal refers to the transfer of a civil action from state trial court to federal district court. Notice of removal:In such a case, the defendant or defendants may remove the case to the federal district court for the district and division in which the action is pending.
§ 1445 . The procedures through which a defendant may remove the case to federal court are detailed, but fairly simple. Generally, defendants must file a notice of removal with the appropriate federal court within 30 days of receiving the summons and complaint.
To begin a lawsuit in Federal Court, you must file a paper with the Court called a complaint. A complaint is a legal document that tells the judge and defendant(s) how and why you believe the defendants violated the law in a way that injured you and what you want the Court to do about it.
A litigant who loses in a federal court of appeals, or in the highest court of a state, may file a petition for a "writ of certiorari," which is a document asking the Supreme Court to review the case. The Supreme Court, however, does not have to grant review.
Once a case has been removed from state to federal court, the state court no longer has jurisdiction over the matter, though a federal court can remand a case to state court.A plaintiff can also move to have the case remanded to state court if the plaintiff does not believe federal jurisdiction exists.
Removal is the process of transferring a case from state court to federal court. It is provided for by federal statute. 28 U.S.C.Once a case has been removed from state to federal court, the state court no longer has jurisdiction over the matter, though a federal court can remand a case to state court.
Generally speaking, a case can be removed to federal court if it could have been filed in federal court by the plaintiff. In many cases both state and federal courts may have subject matter jurisdiction over a particular matter, and the plaintiff has his or her choice of which court to present the claim to.
A defendant can remove a case from state to federal court by filing a notice of removal in federal court and then notifying the state court and the other parties. They might need the agreement or joinder of any other defendants, or they might be able to remove a case on their own.
The magic trick for plaintiffs seeking to avoid removal of their case to federal court is to plead only state claims (to avoid federal question removal) and sue at least one party from the same state (to avoid diversity removal).