This is a comparison of China's contract law with the U.S. contract law. It discusses the restrictions placed upon military members and commanders in the conduct of operations in both international and non-international armed conflicts.
The New Jersey Basic Principles of the Law of War (BLW) is a set of fundamental guidelines and principles that provide a legal framework for the conduct of armed forces during armed conflicts, with the aim of protecting those who are not or no longer taking part in hostilities and minimizing human suffering. These principles apply to both international and non-international armed conflicts and serve as essential rules for military operations in New Jersey. The BLW encompasses various principles related to the law of war, including: 1. Distinction: This principle requires parties to a conflict to distinguish between civilian populations and combatants, ensuring that attacks are directed solely at military objectives and not directed towards civilians or civilian objects. This principle helps to minimize civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure. 2. Proportionality: According to this principle, the expected incidental harm to civilians and civilian objects resulting from an attack must not be excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage gained. It aims to strike a balance between the military necessity of an attack and the potential harm to civilians and civilian property. 3. Precautions: The BLW emphasizes the obligation of parties to take all feasible precautions to avoid or minimize harm to civilians and civilian objects. This includes giving effective advance warning of attacks when circumstances permit and taking measures to protect civilians, such as providing safe zones or evacuation routes. 4. Prohibition of indiscriminate attacks: Parties to a conflict are strictly prohibited from launching attacks that are not directed at a specific military objective or which employ methods or means of warfare that cannot be directed at a specific military objective. This principal aims to prevent attacks that may cause harm to civilians or civilian objects without distinction. 5. Prohibition of torture and inhumane treatment: The BLW clearly states that torture, cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment is strictly forbidden and constitutes a war crime. There are no specific types of New Jersey Basic Principles of the Law of War. However, it is important to note that the BLW is based on and closely aligns with the broader principles of the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAN) or International Humanitarian Law (ILL), which are universally accepted and applicable in armed conflicts worldwide. The BLW serves as a local implementation and interpretation of these broader principles, tailored to the specific needs and legal context of New Jersey.
