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CBM is naturally created during the geologic process of converting plant material to coal (coalification). To extract the methane, CBM operators drill wells into coal seams and pump out ground water (produced water or CBM wastewater).
Generally, it consists predominantly of methane gas (CH4) although it can contain trace amounts of ethane (C2H6), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
CBM reservoirs are characterized by low mechanical strength, presence of developed cleats, heterogeneity and anisotropy, and a larger surface area as compared to the conventional gas reservoirs. Therefore, potential damage in coal may occur during drilling, completion, and production.
CSG is extracted through wells drilled into coal seams. The initial phase of CSG production usually involves the extraction of water from the coal seams in order to reduce the pressure and release gas from the coal. If the pressure within the seam is high, the gas may flow to the surface unaided.
CBM refers to methane that is found in and extracted from coal seams. It is formed during the coalification process, which is the transformation of organic plant material into coal. CBM is also known as virgin coal seam methane or coal seam gas, and is widely considered an "unconventional" source of natural gas.
CBM is formed during the process of coalification by transformation of plant material into coal. It is generated by either a microbiological or thermal process as a result of increasing heat at greater depth during coal formation. The coal seams are often saturated with groundwater at high pressure.
Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coal bed methane, is a mixture of a number of gases but is mostly made up of methane (generally 95-97 per cent pure methane). It is typically attached by adsorption to the coal matrix, and is held in the coal by the pressure of formation water in the coal cleats and fractures.
The development and utilization of CBM is of great social and economic benefit. It is a clean-burning fuel (compressed natural gas?CNG) for domestic and industrial uses. The extraction of CNG reduces explosion hazards in underground coal mines.