Agency is a relationship based on an agreement authorizing one person, the agent, to act for another, the principal. For example an agent may negotiate and make contracts with third persons on behalf of the principal. If an agent tries to do an act for his principal that he is not specifically authorized to do, the principal has the choice of ignoring the transaction or ratifying it. Generally, even an unauthorized act may be ratified.
New Mexico Ratification by Principal of Agent's Execution of Contract
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FAQ
Under Article V of the Constitution, there are two ways to propose and ratify amendments to the Constitution. To propose amendments, two-thirds of both houses of Congress can vote to propose an amendment, or two-thirds of the state legislatures can ask Congress to call a national convention to propose amendments.
The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause.
Under agency law, undisclosed principals arise when a third party has no notice that the principal exists, but the undisclosed principal has authorized an agent to act on the principal's behalf. The agent does not represent that they are forming the contract on a principal's behalf to the third party.
To ratify, the principal may tell the parties concerned or by his conduct manifest that he is willing to accept the results as though the act were authorized. Or by his silence he may find under certain circumstances that he has ratified. Note that ratification does not require the usual consideration of contract law.
A ratification agency is when a person (the principal) approves the actions and conduct of another (the agent) generating legal obligations or having a consequence on a third party who reasonably believed it was transacting with the principal.
A person can ratify only that which is purported to have been done for him and cannot ratify that which is purported to have been done for somebody else. Act done by a person on his own account cannot be ratified. Only when an act is done on behalf of the ratifier, such act can be ratified.
The reason for this is that the doctrine of the undisclosed principal is based on the fact that the agent has actual authority. A principal cannot ratify only the favourable parts of a contract and disaffirm the rest. Otherwise tantamount to affecting a transaction which T did not intend to enter into.
Essentials of a valid ratificationFor the act to be ratified, it is necessary that the same has been done on behalf of the Principal. If an agent acts for another or for himself, this cannot be ratified by the Principal. The principal must have been in existence at the time of contract.
The generally accepted rule is that undisclosed principals cannot ratify unauthorized contracts which their agents have made on their behalf. Although this rule has been accepted for almost one hundred years, the adequacy of the reasons advanced to justify it have been rarely examined.
The doctrine of ratification is concerned with acts performed without authority by an agent in the name of a principal. In short, ratification occurs whenever the ratifying party clearly manifests that he has adopted the unauthorized transaction effected by his agent purportedly on his behalf.
