New York Jury Instruction - Intentional Violation Of A Known Legal Duty - As Proof Of Willfulness

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This form contains sample jury instructions, to be used across the United States. These questions are to be used only as a model, and should be altered to more perfectly fit your own cause of action needs.

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FAQ

The difference is this: to act knowingly is to act with knowledge of what one is doing, that is, to act with the intent to do the act that is proscribed by the law. To act willfully requires that the defendant act with knowledge of what the law proscribes and to act in violation of the law, knowing that he is doing so.

Beyond reasonable doubt This is the highest standard used as the burden of proof in Anglo-American jurisprudence and typically only applies in juvenile delinquency proceedings, criminal proceedings, and when considering aggravating circumstances in criminal proceedings.

To get to ?beyond reasonable doubt? the prosecution needs to convince the jury that there is no other reasonable explanation for what occurred other than the guilt of the person charged.

The means, from lowest to highest are as follows: reasonable articulable suspicion (42.1 percent), probable cause (49.7 percent), preponderance of the evidence (54.4 percent), substantial probability (55.3 percent), clear and convincing evidence (73.4 percent), and beyond a reasonable doubt (90.1 percent).

?Preponderance of the evidence? means evidence that has more convincing force than that opposed to it. If the evidence is so evenly balanced that you are unable to say that the evidence on either side of an issue preponderates, your finding on that issue must be against the party who had the burden of proving it.

The burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt falls entirely on the prosecution. They must present strong and convincing evidence that leaves no room for any reasonable alternative explanations.

This means that the prosecution must convince the jury that there is no other reasonable explanation that can come from the evidence presented at trial. In other words, the jury must be virtually certain of the defendant's guilt in order to render a guilty verdict.

Reasonable doubt is insufficient evidence that prevents a judge or jury from convicting a defendant of a crime. If it cannot be proved without a doubt that a defendant in a criminal case is guilty, then that person should not be convicted.

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New York Jury Instruction - Intentional Violation Of A Known Legal Duty - As Proof Of Willfulness