Ohio Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction refers to a legal concept that can be used in criminal cases to hold a defendant responsible for the unlawful acts committed by their co-conspirators. In Ohio, the Pinkerton Instruction is based on the principle established in Pinkerton v. United States (1946), where the U.S. Supreme Court held that a defendant could be charged with and convicted of the substantive crimes committed by a co-conspirator in furtherance of the conspiracy. The Pinkerton Instruction in Ohio is designed to guide the jury in determining the liability of a defendant for the acts committed by their co-conspirators. It instructs the jury that if they find the defendant guilty of conspiracy and the co-conspirators committed certain acts in furtherance of the conspiracy, the defendant may also be held responsible for those acts. There are several types of Ohio Jury Instructions related to the Pinkerton Instruction, including: 1. Pinkerton Liability: This instruction informs the jury that the defendant can be held liable for the substantive crimes committed by their co-conspirators if those crimes were reasonably foreseeable and committed in furtherance of the conspiracy. 2. Scope of Pinkerton Instruction: This instruction clarifies the limitations of Pinkerton liability by specifying that the defendant can only be held responsible for acts that were within the scope of the conspiracy and reasonably foreseeable. 3. Elements of Pinkerton Instruction: This instruction outlines the essential elements the jury must consider when applying the Pinkerton doctrine. These elements typically include the existence of a conspiracy, the defendant's membership in the conspiracy, the co-conspirators' commission of unlawful acts, and the defendant's knowledge and reasonable foreseeability of those acts. 4. Causation in Pinkerton Instruction: This instruction explains to the jury that the defendant's liability for the acts committed by their co-conspirators requires a causal connection between the defendant's participation in the conspiracy and the commission of the substantive crimes. 5. Negating Pinkerton Liability: This instruction allows the defense to present arguments and evidence to negate or challenge the application of Pinkerton liability, such as demonstrating that the defendant withdrew from the conspiracy before the commission of the substantive crimes. When applying the Ohio Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction, the jury plays a crucial role in evaluating the evidence, determining the defendant's guilt or innocence, and deciding whether to hold the defendant responsible for the acts committed by their co-conspirators.