Title: Ohio Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights: A Comprehensive Overview and Types Introduction: Ohio Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights forms an essential part of corporate law in the state of Ohio, providing protections and remedies to shareholders who dissent from certain corporate actions. This article aims to provide a detailed description of Ohio Article 13 along with its various types. 1. Ohio Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights Overview: Ohio Article 13 acknowledges and safeguards the rights of dissenting shareholders by allowing them to receive a fair appraisal value for their shares when they dissent from specific corporate actions that might affect their ownership interest. The law ensures that shareholders who oppose significant corporate changes are adequately compensated for their shares. 2. Types of Ohio Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights: 2.1 Statutory Dissent: Statutory dissent allows shareholders to dissent from a limited range of corporate actions outlined in Ohio law. These include, but are not limited to, mergers, consolidations, sales of substantially all corporate assets, dissolution, and certain amendments to the articles of incorporation. Shareholders can exercise their right to dissent by following the prescribed procedures stated under Ohio law. 2.2 Appraisal Rights: Appraisal rights encompass Dissenters' Rights provisions under Ohio Article 13 that allow dissenting shareholders to demand a fair value for their shares. This provision empowers shareholders to receive monetary compensation equivalent to the fair market value of their shares as determined through a proper appraisal process. The appraisal process ensures that shareholders receive a just and equitable consideration for their dissenting shares. 2.3 Non-Statutory Dissent: Non-statutory dissent refers to a broader set of dissent rights that may be available to shareholders, not covered explicitly by the statutory dissent provisions. These rights may arise from various sources such as company bylaws, shareholder agreements, or specific provisions in corporate charters. Non-statutory dissent varies in terms of eligibility criteria, procedures, and the types of corporate actions covered. 3. Procedures for Exercise of Dissenters' Rights: To exercise dissenters' rights under Ohio Article 13, shareholders must strictly adhere to prescribed procedures and timelines. This typically involves filing a written notice to the corporation before or after the proposed corporate action, indicating their intention to dissent and specifying the number of shares for which appraisal is being sought. Shareholders must then actively participate in the appraisal process and subsequently engage in negotiations or legal proceedings to ensure a fair valuation of their shares. Conclusion: Ohio Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights plays a crucial role in protecting the interests of minority shareholders in Ohio. Understanding the different types of dissenters' rights, such as statutory dissent, appraisal rights, and non-statutory dissent, is essential for shareholders who wish to exercise their dissenting rights effectively. By providing a comprehensive legal framework, Ohio Article 13 ensures that shareholders can secure fair treatment and proper compensation in situations where their ownership rights are affected by significant corporate actions.