A South Dakota Qualified Domestic Trust Agreement, commonly referred to as a DOT, is a legal tool aimed at preserving estate tax benefits for non-U.S. citizen spouses. It is specifically designed to address the unique needs and circumstances of individuals who are not U.S. citizens but who have married a U.S. citizen. When a U.S. citizen passes away and leaves assets to a non-U.S. citizen spouse, an unlimited marital deduction is generally available for estate tax purposes. This means that no estate tax is owed on the assets transferred. However, if the surviving spouse is not a U.S. citizen, the unlimited marital deduction does not apply, and significant estate tax liability may arise. To overcome this issue, a South Dakota DOT can be established. This legal arrangement allows a non-U.S. citizen spouse to qualify for the same estate tax benefits as a U.S. citizen spouse. By implementing a DOT, a portion (or all) of the estate can be transferred to the trust, thus deferring the estate tax until distributions are made from the trust. There are two main types of South Dakota Qualified Domestic Trust Agreements: 1. General DOT: This type of DOT is established to ensure that the non-U.S. citizen surviving spouse receives fair and reasonable support from the assets placed in the trust. The IRS requires an independent trustee who is either a U.S. citizen or a domestic corporation to oversee the trust and make any necessary distributions to the surviving spouse. Furthermore, annual reports must be filed to ensure continued compliance with IRS regulations. 2. Estate DOT: This variation of the DOT is utilized when the value of the estate subject to estate tax exceeds the available estate tax exemption. In such cases, assets can be poured into the trust upon the death of the U.S. citizen spouse to reduce the estate tax burden. This trust structure allows for greater flexibility, as it does not require an independent trustee or ongoing annual reports like the General DOT. Establishing a South Dakota Qualified Domestic Trust Agreement requires careful planning and consideration of various legal and tax implications. It is crucial to consult with experienced estate planning attorneys and tax professionals who are well-versed in South Dakota laws, federal tax regulations, and international estate planning. They can evaluate each individual's unique circumstances and provide advice on the most suitable DOT structure to protect and preserve the estate for the non-U.S. citizen spouse while minimizing the estate tax impact.