South Dakota Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction is an important legal concept used in criminal trials in South Dakota. It is named after the landmark Pinkerton v. United States Supreme Court case, which established the doctrine of "vicarious liability" or "liability for the acts of others" in federal criminal law. The Pinkerton Instruction is a jury instruction designed to hold individuals responsible for the criminal acts committed by co-conspirators during the course of a conspiracy. This instruction is applicable when the defendant has been charged with both conspiracy and the substantive offense that was committed in furtherance of the conspiracy. The Pinkerton Instruction is crucial in establishing the legal principle that a defendant can be held accountable for the acts of another person, even if they did not directly participate in or commit the substantive offense themselves. This doctrine is based on the theory that, as a co-conspirator, the defendant should be responsible for the foreseeable consequences of the conspiracy. In South Dakota, the Pinkerton Instruction may vary based on the specific charges and circumstances of the case. Some possible types of South Dakota Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction include: 1. General Pinkerton Instruction: This instruction informs the jury that if they find the defendant guilty of the conspiracy charge, they must also find the defendant guilty of any substantive offense committed by a co-conspirator during the course of the conspiracy, even if the defendant did not personally commit the offense. 2. Pinkerton Instruction with Limiting Language: This instruction includes additional language that advises the jury to carefully consider and evaluate the evidence to determine if the defendant's guilt has been proven beyond reasonable doubt when it comes to the substantive offense committed by a co-conspirator. 3. Pinkerton Instruction for Specific Crimes: Depending on the nature of the substantive offense involved, there may be variations or additions to the standard Pinkerton Instruction to specifically address the legal elements and requirements of that particular offense. It is essential for both prosecutors and defense attorneys to be knowledgeable about South Dakota Jury Instruction — Pinkerton Instruction and its various forms to ensure a fair and accurate determination of legal liability in conspiracy cases. By understanding and correctly applying the Pinkerton doctrine, the jury can make informed decisions regarding the defendant's guilt or innocence in relation to the acts committed by other individuals involved in the conspiracy.