The South Dakota Memorandum of Subsurface Underground Carbon Dioxide Storage Lease and Agreement is a legally-binding document that outlines the terms and conditions for the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground geological formations within the state of South Dakota. This agreement is aimed at promoting the safe and environmentally responsible storage of CO2 to mitigate its impact on climate change. One type of South Dakota Memorandum of Subsurface Underground Carbon Dioxide Storage Lease and Agreement is the "Commercial Lease Agreement." This agreement is designed for companies or organizations that engage in commercial CO2 storage projects, where the stored CO2 could be utilized for enhanced oil recovery or other industrial purposes. Another type of agreement is the "Research Lease Agreement." This type of agreement allows academic institutions, research organizations, or governmental bodies to conduct research or experimental storage projects related to underground CO2 storage. The primary purpose of research leases is to gather knowledge and data to develop best-practices for future commercial-scale CO2 storage operations. The South Dakota Memorandum of Subsurface Underground Carbon Dioxide Storage Lease and Agreement typically includes the following key elements: 1. Parties Involved: The agreement identifies the lessor (such as the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources) and the lessee (the entity responsible for operating the CO2 storage project, which could be a private company or a research institution). 2. Description of Underground Storage Site: This section provides a detailed description of the specific geological formation or site where the CO2 will be stored. It includes information on storage capacity, site characterization, and relevant geological considerations. 3. Purpose of Storage: The agreement clarifies the purpose for which the CO2 will be stored, such as climate change mitigation, enhanced oil recovery, or research purposes. 4. Obligations and Responsibilities: This section outlines the obligations and responsibilities of both the lessor and lessee. It covers aspects like site operations and maintenance, monitoring and reporting requirements, safety protocols, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. 5. Financial Arrangements: The agreement specifies the financial terms, including any upfront payments, royalties, or rental fees that the lessee must pay to the lessor. It may also outline provisions for liability insurance, financial assurances, and indemnification. 6. Duration and Termination: The agreement includes provisions for the lease duration, renewal options, and termination conditions. It may also outline the process for decommissioning and site restoration once the storage project concludes. The South Dakota Memorandum of Subsurface Underground Carbon Dioxide Storage Lease and Agreement represents a significant step towards advancing carbon capture and storage technology in South Dakota. By establishing clear guidelines and responsibilities, it promotes the proper management of CO2 storage projects while ensuring the protection of the environment and public safety.