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In Texas, there are four federal district courts, a state supreme court, a state court of appeals, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below.
The Justice Court has jurisdiction of Small Claims, Debt Claims, Eviction, and Repair and Remedy cases. Justice Courts do NOT have jurisdiction of suits for divorce, suits to recover damages for slander or defamation, suits for title to land, or suits to enforce a lien on land.
Texas' court system has three levels: trial, appellate, and supreme. Trial: The trial level, or local, courts are the most numerous, consisting of over 450 state district courts, over 500 county courts, over 800 Justice of the Peace courts, and over 900 municipal courts.
This system of bifurcated appeal has the unique advantage of dividing the state's appellate caseload into more manageable burdens to be shared by two high courts, helping to speed the administration of justice. This is particularly advantageous in a state as large as Texas.
You can view all docket entries from 1990 to present through the Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) service or on the public terminals in each divisional office. To subscribe to PACER, please call 1-800-676-6856.
Criminal cases go to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Civil cases go to the Texas Supreme Court. Each of Texas' two highest courts has nine members, elected statewide in partisan elections. Unlike courts of appeals, however, the Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals hear all cases en banc.