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A: Mineral rights are the legal rights to the minerals in a property. Whoever owns a property's mineral rights has full legal rights to mine for and profit from those minerals.
An owner can separate the mineral rights from his or her land by: Conveying (selling or otherwise transferring) the land but retaining the mineral rights. (This is accomplished by including a statement in the deed conveying the land that reserves all rights to the minerals to the seller.)
As a mineral rights value rule of thumb, the 3X cash flow method is often used. To calculate mineral rights value, multiply the 12-month trailing cash flow by 3. For a property with royalty rights, a 5X multiple provides a more accurate valuation (stout.com).
After a divorce, mineral rights can be transferred by submitting the divorce decree and conveyances to the county (where the minerals are located) for recording. They usually go to the same agency that records titles and property deeds. The county will return the recorded original documents to the new owner.
A deed that names the seller/donor and the purchaser/donee. It states and describes the rights being sold or given. Filing of the notarized conveyance in the county government office which is generally the county clerk's office.
In Texas, and most other states, the ownership of the mineral estate can be separated (severed) from the surface estate. Put another way, one person may own the rights to use the surface of a piece of property while another person has the right to use the minerals underneath the property.
Call the county where the minerals are located and ask how to transfer mineral ownership after death. They will probably advise you to submit a copy of the death certificate, probate documents (if any), and a copy of the will (or affidavit of heirship if there is no will).
A mineral owner's rights typically include the right to use the surface of the land to access and mine the minerals owned. This might mean the mineral owner has the right to drill an oil or natural gas well, or excavate a mine on your property.
If you want to sell the mineral rights to another person, you can transfer them by deed. You will need to create a mineral deed and have it recorded. You should check with the county Recorder of Deeds in the county where the land is located and ask if a printed mineral deed form is available to use.