Sentencing choices and responsibility is a legal concept that refers to the selection of punishments for criminal offenders and the assignment of accountability for the actions that led to the conviction. It encompasses various approaches to criminal sentencing, such as rehabilitation, retribution, and deterrence. The two main types of sentencing choices and responsibility are individual-level and structural-level. Individual-level sentencing choices and responsibility involve the assignment of personal accountability for criminal acts, and involve the court’s decision to grant a sentence that is proportional to the seriousness of the crime, the criminal’s prior record, and any mitigating or aggravating factors. Structural-level sentencing choices and responsibility involve the assignment of responsibility for criminal actions to larger social forces, such as poverty, discrimination, and inequality. This type of sentencing seeks to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and promote restorative justice. Both types of sentencing choices and responsibility have implications for criminal justice policies, and the effectiveness of any sentencing policy is dependent on its ability to address the underlying causes of crime and ensure that offenders are held accountable for their actions.