Civil Rights — 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 Claim— - First Amendment Retaliation is a type of civil claim that is brought against a state, county, or city government for depriving someone of their First Amendment right to free speech. This type of claim is brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Section 1983, which allows individuals to sue state or local governments for violating their constitutional rights. Generally, these claims involve a state or local government retaliating against an individual for exercising their First Amendment rights, such as speaking out against the government or engaging in political activities. There are two types of First Amendment Retaliation claims: "cat's paw" retaliation, which occurs when a government official uses another person or entity to retaliate against the individual; and "direct retaliation", which occurs when the government official takes direct action against the individual.