18 U.S.C. Sec. 152(4) PRESENTING OR USING A FALSE CLAIM — ELEMENTS 138 criminalizes the act of presenting or using a false claim in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States or in connection with any property or service in any such department or agency. This includes any false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval, any false statement to obtain or increase any payment or benefit, any false statement or representation in any document concerning any property or service, or any conspiracy or attempt to commit such an act. There are two types of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 152(4) PRESENTING OR USING A FALSE CLAIM — ELEMENTS 138: presenting a false claim and using a false claim. Presenting a false claim is when a person knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false or fraudulent claim to any department or agency of the United States. Using a false claim is when a person knowingly uses, or causes to be used, a false record or statement to conceal, avoid, or decrease any obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the United States.