15.6 Infringement-Elements and Burden of Proof-Trademark is the legal concept that outlines the elements and burden of proof necessary to prove that a trademark has been infringed upon. The elements are: (1) that the plaintiff is the owner of the trademark; (2) that the defendant has used the trademark; (3) that the defendant’s use of the trademark is likely to cause confusion; and (4) that the defendant’s use of the trademark is likely to cause injury to the plaintiff. The burden of proof in a trademark infringement case is on the plaintiff to prove these elements. There are two types of trademark infringement: direct infringement and contributory infringement. Direct infringement occurs when the defendant uses the trademark without authorization, while contributory infringement occurs when the defendant supplies the infringing goods or services to another person with knowledge of the infringement.