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17.20 Secondary Liability-Vicarious Infringement-Elements and Burden of Proof

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Sample Jury Instructions from the 9th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals. http://www3.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/

17.20 Secondary Liability-Vicarious Infringement-Elements and Burden of Proof is a legal concept that governs the liability of individuals or entities for acts of copyright infringement that are not necessarily committed directly by them. The key elements of vicarious liability include control and a direct financial benefit from the infringement. The burden of proof is on the copyright holder to prove that the infringed had control over the infringing activity and that the infringed obtained a financial benefit from the infringement. There are two types of 17.20 Secondary Liability-Vicarious Infringement-Elements and Burden of Proof: contributory infringement and vicarious infringement. Contributory infringement is when an individual or entity has knowledge of the infringement and materially contributes to it. Vicarious infringement is when an individual or entity has control over the infringing activity and receives a direct financial benefit from it.

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FAQ

The plaintiff in a copyright infringement lawsuit has the burden of proving two elements: that they own a copyright, and that the defendant infringed it. To establish ownership of a valid copyright, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the work is original, and that it is subject to legal protection.

Access can be established by way of circumstantial evidence. A court will consider either: (1) a particular chain of events that establishes a link between the plaintiff's work and the defendant's access (e.g., dealings with a movie studio or record label), or (2) that the plaintiff's work has been widely disseminated.

Courts usually require a copyright owner to prove that she owned the copyrighted work, and the defendant violated one of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner.

Vicarious infringement is most commonly identified as having two elements: the defendant must have had both (1) the ?right and ability to supervise the infringing activity? and (2) ?a direct financial interest? in the activity.

The three basic elements of copyright: originality, creativity, and fixation. There are three basic elements that a work must possess in order to be protected by copyright in the US: Originality: To get a copyright, a work must be the original work of the author.

There are two types of secondary infringement, contributory and vicarious infringement, neither of which is expressly prohibited under the Copyright Act, but which have arisen as prohibitions under case law.

Caselaw shows that a copyright owner's actual damages may be calculated by showing lost profits or imputing a hypothetical copyright license fee to assess the market value of the copyright. Also, plaintiff's may recover for various indirect damages as a result of the infringement.

17.21 Derivative Liability?Contributory Infringement?Elements and Burden of Proof. A defendant may be liable for copyright infringement engaged in by another if he she it knew or had reason to know of the infringing activity and intentionally induced materially contributed to that infringing activity.

More info

7.2 Jones Act Negligence Claim—Elements and Burden of Proof (46 U.S.C.. § 30104). Elements of a Cause of Action for Legal Malpractice Negligence .Nevada Jury Instruction 2. 1A: Burden of Proof: Alternative . Viacom and Its Amici Misstate the Law of Inducement Liability for. Products and Services Having Substantial Non-Infringing Uses . , vicarious and contributory liability. , vicarious and contributory liability. Exemption, plaintiff's burden of proving applicability of, 20. He initially filed liability claims with two insurance companies.

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17.20 Secondary Liability-Vicarious Infringement-Elements and Burden of Proof