17.29 Copyright-Affirmative Defense-Limitation on Liability for System is a type of copyright law that provides a shield against any potential liability for copyright infringement for those who own and/or operate a system. This limitation on liability is meant to protect system owners and operators from legal action taken by copyright holders. This affirmative defense is offered to system owners and operators who meet certain criteria, including that the system was not used for infringing conduct, the system was not designed primarily for infringing conduct, and that the owner or operator of the system did not knowingly permit infringing conduct. Other types of 17.29 Copyright-Affirmative Defense-Limitation on Liability for System may include an exemption from liability for copyright infringement based on a lack of knowledge or willful blindness, or based on the system operator’s exercise of reasonable care.