9.19 Particular Rights-Fourth Amendment- Unreasonable Seizure of Property-Exceptions to Warrant Requirement is a legal doctrine that outlines the conditions under which law enforcement can seize property without a warrant. Under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, officers must have a warrant issued by a judge in order to make a seizure, unless one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement applies. There are four main exceptions to the warrant requirement: (1) consent; (2) search incident to a lawful arrest; (3) exigent circumstances; and (4) plain view. The consent exception states that if a person voluntarily allows an officer to search their property, without a warrant, the search is deemed reasonable. The search incident to a lawful arrest exception allows officers to search a person's property without a warrant if they have a valid reason to make an arrest. The exigent circumstances exception allows officers to search a property without a warrant if there is an immediate need to do so, such as to prevent an imminent danger or to prevent the destruction of evidence. The plain view exception allows officers to seize evidence without a warrant if it is in plain sight. In all cases, the seizing officer must have probable cause to believe that the property in question was used in the commission of a crime in order for the seizure to be deemed valid.