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The ?Great Writ? of habeas corpus is a fundamental right in the Constitution that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment. Translated from Latin it means ?show me the body.? Habeas corpus has historically been an important instrument to safeguard individual freedom against arbitrary executive power.
Attested as an English legal borrowing by the 1460s, habeas corpus literally means in Latin ?you shall have the body,? or person, in court, and a writ is a formal order under seal, issued in the name of a sovereign, government, court, or other competent authority.
If the detention is held to be unlawful, the prisoner can usually then be released or bailed by order of the court without having to be produced before it. With the development of modern public law, applications for habeas corpus have been to some extent discouraged, in favour of applications for judicial review.
Habeas corpus is perhaps the most critical writ available to prisoners for challenging criminal convictions and sentences in state and federal courts. It is often the only opportunity to raise claims regarding pretrial, trial, and appeal matters that were not, or could not, previously be raised in those proceedings.
The literal meaning of habeas corpus is "you should have the body"?that is, the judge or court should (and must) have any person who is being detained brought forward so that the legality of that person's detention can be assessed.
A writ of habeas corpus is a form of appeal used to free an individual from imprisonment if their imprisonment was unlawful.