A Virginia Qualified Domestic Trust Agreement, also known as DOT, is a legal agreement used in estate planning to minimize estate taxes on assets transferred from a non-U.S. citizen spouse to a qualified domestic trust. This trust defers estate taxes on assets exceeding the federal estate tax exemption amount until they are distributed from the trust. The DOT is specifically designed for non-U.S. citizen spouses who would not otherwise qualify for the marital deduction, which allows a U.S. citizen spouse to inherit an unlimited amount of assets from their deceased spouse without paying estate taxes. By setting up a DOT, the non-U.S. citizen spouse can receive income from the trust while still preserving the deferred estate tax benefits. The key requirement for a Virginia Qualified Domestic Trust Agreement is that at least one trustee must be a U.S. citizen or a domestic corporation authorized to serve as a trustee. The trust must also meet certain provisions outlined in the U.S. tax code to qualify for the DOT status. There are two main types of Dots that can be established in Virginia: 1. General DOT: This type of DOT allows the trustee to distribute both income and principal from the trust to the non-U.S. citizen spouse. However, any distribution of principal to the non-U.S. citizen spouse may be subject to estate taxes. 2. Qualified Terminal Interest Property (TIP) DOT: This type of DOT enables the trustee to distribute only the income generated by the trust to the non-U.S. citizen spouse. The principal remains protected and is generally not subject to estate taxes until the non-U.S. citizen spouse passes away or until the spouse becomes a U.S. citizen. Virginia Qualified Domestic Trust Agreements are crucial tools in estate planning for couples where one spouse is a non-U.S. citizen. By setting up a DOT, couples can protect their assets from immediate estate tax liabilities and ensure financial support for the surviving spouse. It is advisable to consult a qualified estate planning attorney to determine the suitability and specific requirements of a DOT in accordance with Virginia laws.