Keywords: Virginia, Jury Instruction, Verdict, Types In the state of Virginia, a crucial element of the judicial process is the Virginia Jury Instruction — Verdict. This instruction is provided to the jury by the judge to guide them in reaching a decision on a case. It outlines the specific legal standards that the jurors must consider in order to deliver a fair and just verdict. The Virginia Jury Instruction — Verdict consists of several types, each addressing different aspects of the case. Some common types of jury instructions in Virginia include: 1. General Verdict: This instruction is given to the jury when they are required to deliver a simple guilty or not guilty verdict. It instructs them to consider the evidence presented, apply the relevant laws, and reach a decision based on their assessment of the facts. 2. Special Verdict: Unlike a general verdict, the special verdict requires the jury to answer specific questions or make findings on particular issues relevant to the case. The jury must determine the facts of the case and render a verdict based on the legal instructions provided by the judge. 3. Modified Verdict: In certain circumstances, the judge may modify the standard verdict instruction to account for specific circumstances or legal considerations. For example, a modified verdict instruction might be given in cases involving self-defense, diminished capacity, or other exemptions that could affect a verdict. 4. Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (GRI) Verdict: In cases where the defendant pleads not guilty by reason of insanity, a specific instruction is given to the jury to determine if the defendant met the legal criteria for an GRI verdict. The jury must evaluate the evidence and decide whether the defendant's mental state at the time of the offense absolves them of legal responsibility. 5. Jury Nullification: While not an official instruction, some discussions may arise around jury nullification. This concept refers to when a jury acquits a defendant despite evidence suggesting guilt because they believe the law itself is unjust or wrongly applied in the specific case. It is important to note that the judge has the ultimate authority to decide which jury instructions are appropriate for a given case, considering the specific circumstances and the relevant laws. The goal of these instructions is to ensure the jury adequately understands the legal framework and can make a fair and informed decision in accordance with the law.