Washington Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights refers to a specific provision in the Washington State Constitution which guarantees certain rights and protections to dissenting shareholders in corporations. These rights are integral in safeguarding shareholders who dissent from certain fundamental corporate actions, such as mergers or sales, and ensure that their interests are adequately addressed. Under Washington Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights, dissenting shareholders are entitled to an appraisal of the fair value of their shares, granting them the option to exit the corporation at a fair and equitable price. This provision allows shareholders to seek an alternative to being forced into corporate actions that they do not agree with or perceive as prejudicial to their investments. Different types of Washington Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights may include: 1. Dissenting Shareholders' Right to Appraisal: This provision allows dissenting shareholders to request a fair valuation of their shares by an independent appraiser. It ensures that dissenting shareholders are compensated based on the true value of their investments, protecting their financial interests. 2. Majority Shareholders' Obligation: In the case of dissenting shareholders, the article requires majority shareholders to respect the rights of dissenters and provide them with a reasonable opportunity to exercise their dissenting rights. This obligation emphasizes the importance of fair treatment towards dissenting shareholders and aims to prevent any oppressive actions by the majority. 3. Prohibition of Coercive Measures: Washington Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights prohibits any coercion or intimidation against dissenting shareholders. This provision ensures that dissenters are not subjected to any discriminatory or oppressive measures that may deter them from exercising their rights. 4. Judicial Review: Dissenting shareholders also have the right to seek judicial review to ensure compliance with the provisions outlined in Washington Article 13. This recourse provides dissenting shareholders with legal remedies in case their rights are violated or undermined in any way. Overall, Washington Article 13 — Dissenters' Rights sets out crucial protections for shareholders in corporations operating in Washington State, ensuring their rights are respected and safeguarded when dissenting from fundamental corporate decisions. It establishes a fair and equitable framework that allows shareholders to preserve their investments while promoting corporate governance transparency and accountability.