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A promissory note must include the date of the loan, the dollar amount, the names of both parties, the rate of interest, any collateral involved, and the timeline for repayment. When this document is signed by the borrower, it becomes a legally binding contract.
General Definition. Promissory notes are defined as securities under the Securities Act. However, notes that have a maturity of nine months or less are not considered securities.
A secured promissory note may include a security agreement as part of its terms. If a security agreement lists a business property as collateral, the lender might file a UCC-1 statement to serve as a lien on the property. A security agreement mitigates the default risk faced by the lender.
A security interest arising out of a sale of a promissory note (i.e., an instrument) is perfected automatically, without additional action, when it attaches. See Section 9-304(4) of the Uniform Commercial Code.
Secured Promissory Notes A secured promissory note is an obligation to pay that is secured by some type of property. This means that if the payor fails to pay, the payee can seize the designated property to obtain reimbursement of the loan.
A secured promissory note should clearly identify the collateral backing the loan. For example, if collateral is being secured by business vehicles, the note should provide their vehicle identification numbers. A small business that is extending credit should also verify collateral is worth enough to cover the debt.
The UCC treats the interest of a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes as a security interest.
Collateral is an item of value used to secure a loan. Collateral minimizes the risk for lenders. If a borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can seize the collateral and sell it to recoup its losses. Mortgages and car loans are two types of collateralized loans.
A promissory note secured by collateral will need a second document. If the collateral is real property, there will be either a mortgage or a deed of trust. If the collateral is personal property, there will be a security agreement.
If the issuer of the note sells a note as an investment to persons who resemble investors, in an offering that resembles a securities offering, then the note is a security.