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Codepage Specifies a one- to four-digit number that identifies the code page used by the collation. CP1 specifies code page 1252, for all other code pages the complete code page number is specified. For example, CP1251 specifies code page 1251 and CP850 specifies code page 850.

You can specify collations for each character string column using the COLLATE clause of the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement. You can also specify a collation when you create a table using SQL Server Management Studio. If you do not specify a collation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database.

In database systems, Collation specifies how data is sorted and compared in a database. Collation provides the sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties for the data in the database.

If we apply a case sensitive clause to a column, then for example, 'a' and 'A', will be different. But in the case of case insensitive, irrespective of any character or string, it will work. By default, the collate clause will take SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS (case insensitive).

MSDN states COLLATE DATABASEDEFAULT clause casts the collation of an expression, column definition, or database definition to inherit the collation of the "current database". To complement MSDN, the "current database" is the context of the database where the query is executed.

A collation is a set of rules that defines how to compare and sort character strings.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CSAS for case sensitive. SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS for case insensitive.