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In database systems, Collation specifies how data is sorted and compared in a database. Collation provides the sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties for the data in the database.

If we apply a case sensitive clause to a column, then for example, 'a' and 'A', will be different. But in the case of case insensitive, irrespective of any character or string, it will work. By default, the collate clause will take SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS (case insensitive).

SQL Server collation refers to a set of character and character encoding rules, and influences how information is stored according to the order in the data page, how data is matched by comparing two columns, and how information is arranged in the T-SQL query statement.

According the SQL Server Books Online, the characters included in range searches depend on the sorting rules of the collation. Collation Latin1GeneralCSAS uses dictionary order so both upper and lower case characters of the specified range are included.

A collation is a set of rules that defines how to compare and sort character strings.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CSAS for case sensitive. SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS for case insensitive.

Collations in SQL Server provide sorting rules, case, and accent sensitivity properties to data. A collation defines bit patterns that represent each character in metadata of database. SQL Server supports storing objects that have different collations in database.

Codepage Specifies a one- to four-digit number that identifies the code page used by the collation. CP1 specifies code page 1252, for all other code pages the complete code page number is specified. For example, CP1251 specifies code page 1251 and CP850 specifies code page 850.

You can specify collations for each character string column using the COLLATE clause of the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement. You can also specify a collation when you create a table using SQL Server Management Studio. If you do not specify a collation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database.

A collation specifies the bit patterns that represent each character in a dataset. Collations also determine the rules that sort and compare data. SQL Server supports storing objects that have different collations in a single database.