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If we apply a case sensitive clause to a column, then for example, 'a' and 'A', will be different. But in the case of case insensitive, irrespective of any character or string, it will work. By default, the collate clause will take SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS (case insensitive).

According the SQL Server Books Online, the characters included in range searches depend on the sorting rules of the collation. Collation Latin1GeneralCSAS uses dictionary order so both upper and lower case characters of the specified range are included.

The SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS collation is a SQL collation and the rules around sorting data for unicode and non-unicode data are different. The Latin1GeneralCIAS collation is a Windows collation and the rules around sorting unicode and non-unicode data are the same.

Default server-level collation is SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CSAS for case sensitive. SQLLatin1GeneralCP1CIAS for case insensitive.

You can change the collation of any new objects that are created in a user database by using the COLLATE clause of the ALTER DATABASE statement. This statement does not change the collation of the columns in any existing user-defined tables. These can be changed by using the COLLATE clause of ALTER TABLE.

MSDN states COLLATE DATABASEDEFAULT clause casts the collation of an expression, column definition, or database definition to inherit the collation of the "current database". To complement MSDN, the "current database" is the context of the database where the query is executed.