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Currency is the physical paper notes and coins in circulation. By accepting the currency, a merchant can sell his or her goods and have a convenient way to pay their trading partners. There are other important benefits of currency too. The relatively small size of coins and dollar bills makes them easy to transport.

Cash is subject to fraud and therefore it is important to be able to identify the features of banknotes and coins in circulation to recognise its genuineness; Banknotes and coins should be in good condition as they may not be accepted if they are damaged.

Banknotes and coins are the only form of money that people can keep without involving a third party. You don't need access to equipment, the internet or electricity to pay with cash, meaning it can be used when the power is down or if you lose your card. It's legal tender.

The 4 different types of money as classified by the economists are commercial money, fiduciary money, fiat money, commodity money. Money whose value comes from a commodity of which it is made is known as commodity money.

A banknote is a negotiable promissory note which one party can use to pay another party a specific amount of money. A banknote is payable to the bearer on demand, and the amount payable is apparent on the face of the note.

ADVANTAGES OF PAPER MONEY The supply of it can be easily controlled by governments, meaning that more can be printed if there is demand, but less can be produced if demand falls. This essentially means that a government can align its printing practices with the specific requirements of its economy at any given moment.

In the U.S., paper money is considered fiat money. This means that it has no actual value except as an accepted medium of exchange. Before 1971, this was not the case; U.S. banknotes were backed by a certain amount of gold, which was dictated by the Federal Reserve.

Key Takeaways. Fiat money is a government-issued currency that is not backed by a commodity such as gold. Fiat money gives central banks greater control over the economy because they can control how much money is printed. Most modern paper currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, are fiat currencies.

Up until the Civil War, each state chartered its own banks, which then printed currency. The amount of money each bank could print depended on how much gold and silver it had in their reserves. If a bank issued more paper currency than it could redeem, it could be prosecuted for fraud.

The first U.S. coins were struck in 1793 at the Philadelphia Mint and presented to Martha Washington. The government did not issue paper money until 1861.