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It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Stratigraphy is the study of nature, origin, and relationships of rock and soil layers that were formed due to natural and cultural activities.

It is a branch of geology which involves the study of the layers in a rock and its layering. The layers are known as strata and the layering is stratification.

Catholic priest Nicholas Steno established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy when he introduced the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality and the principle of lateral continuity in a 1669 work on the fossilization of organic remains in layers of sediment.

How to approach making a sedimentary log - YouTube YouTube Start of suggested clip End of suggested clip Now right way up indicators include erosional bases they've obviously got to be at the base. ButMoreNow right way up indicators include erosional bases they've obviously got to be at the base. But also sedimentary structures. So for example ripples or trough cross bedding.

1. Original Horizontality - States that sedimentary rocks are originally deposited in flat horizontal layers and then may later be tilted by faults and folding. 2. Lateral Continuity - Layers are originally deposited as continuous layers that may be faulted or removed by erosion after their deposition.

Gasche and Tunca (1983) were the first to propose a formal archaeological stratigraphic nomenclature based on geological guides as well as three separate formal units for archaeological strata based on lithology, artifactual content, and time periods.