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The sample mean is denoted by x bar, i.e., 'x?'. Population mean is represented as mu, i.e., '?'. The standard deviation derived from a sample mean is represented by 's. '

Statistical data are the outcomes or the observations which occur in scientific experiments or an investigation. To conduct any analysis it is must to have some data.

(symbol: X?, M) the arithmetic average (mean) of a set of scores from cases or observations in a subset drawn from a larger population.

Statistics & Probability Letters adopts a novel and highly innovative approach to the publication of research findings in statistics and probability. It features concise articles, rapid publication and broad coverage of the statistics and probability literature. Statistics & Probability Letters is a refereed journal.

In statistical theory, a U-statistic is a class of statistics that is especially important in estimation theory; the letter "U" stands for unbiased. In elementary statistics, U-statistics arise naturally in producing minimum-variance unbiased estimators.

M (the greek letter "mu") is used to denote the population mean. The population mean is worked out in exactly the same way as the sample mean: add all of the scores together, and divide the result by the total number of scores. In journal articles, the mean is usually represented by M, and the median by Mdn.

The population mean can be calculated by the sum of all values in the given data/population divided by a total number of values in the given data/population. We can call the sum of numbers as a single term Summation. The population mean is denoted by the symbol ?.