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Drug release is an important factor in ensuring high reproducibility, stability, quality control of CSNPs, and scientific-based for developing CSNPs. Several factors influence drug release from CSNPs, including composition, composition ratio, ingredient interactions, and preparation methods.

List of abbreviations AbbreviationMeaningSRSustained ReleaseTRTimed ReleaseXLExtra LongXRExtended/Extra Release18 more rows

The drug-release rates from polymer nanoparticles depend on (1) desorption of the surface-bound/adsorbed drug; (2) diffusion from the polymer nanoparticles; (3) polymer nanoparticle erosion; and a combined erosion/diffusion process. Thus, diffusion and biodegradation govern the process of drug release.

Higuchi Model Henceforth, drug release will comprise drug dissolution and diffusion. Higuchi assumed that drug dissolution within the ointment will be fast in comparison with its diffusion, and thus diffusion will be the rate-limiting step of the process.

The fundamental principle for evaluation of the kinetics of drug release was offered by Noyes and Whitney in 1897 as the equation (10): dM/dt = KS (Cs ? Ct) (1) where M, is the mass transferred with respect to time, t, by dissolution from the solid particle of instanta- neous surface, S, under the effect of the ...

First order model: The release of drug can be represented by the equation: DC/dt=-K1C K1 is the first order rate constant, expressed in time-1 or per hour After rearranging and integrating the equation, Log C=log C0-K1t/2.303 C0 is the initial concentration of the drug, C is the percent of drug remaining at time t.

Drug release is an important phenomenon in the field of drug delivery and it refers to the process by which the drug solutes migrate from the initial position in the delivery system to the outer surface of the same and henceforward to the release medium (Ray et al., 2015a, 2015b).